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Dietary carbohydrate and atherosclerosis

J A Story

    Federation Proceedings
    |September 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Refined sugar intake, particularly sucrose and fructose, is linked to increased risk of atherosclerotic heart disease. Studies show sugar can elevate blood lipids and worsen atherosclerosis through complex metabolic pathways.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nutrition Science
    • Cardiovascular Research
    • Metabolic Studies

    Background:

    • Epidemiologic studies suggest a link between refined sugar consumption and elevated serum cholesterol levels, as well as atherosclerotic heart disease.
    • This prompted investigations into the direct relationship between sugar intake and cardiovascular health markers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the effects of refined sugars, specifically sucrose and fructose, on lipid levels and atherosclerosis.
    • To elucidate the metabolic mechanisms underlying the observed relationships in both animal models and human studies.

    Main Methods:

    • Animal experiments using rabbits and baboons fed semipurified diets containing sucrose or fructose.
    • Human studies involving the substitution of sucrose for starch or glucose to monitor lipid level changes.

    Main Results:

    • Sucrose and fructose were found to be more atherogenic in animal models.
    • Human studies consistently showed increased serum triglycerides and, less consistently, cholesterol levels when sucrose replaced starch or glucose.
    • Atherosclerosis severity did not always correlate with elevated serum lipid levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Refined sugar intake, especially sucrose and fructose, can promote atherosclerosis.
    • Potential mechanisms include increased triglyceride synthesis, impaired lipoprotein clearance, altered cholesterol metabolism, and changes in aortic connective tissue.
    • The findings highlight the complex interplay between dietary sugars and cardiovascular disease risk.

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