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Related Experiment Videos

Developmental orthopaedics. III: Toddlers

E E Bleck

    Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
    |August 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Common toddler orthopaedic issues like in-toeing, bow-legs, and flat-feet often resolve spontaneously. Early intervention with objective criteria is crucial for persistent deformities to prevent irreversible conditions and guide timely treatment, including bracing or casting.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Orthopaedics
    • Developmental Musculoskeletal Disorders
    • Childhood Biomechanics

    Background:

    • Common orthopaedic problems in toddlers include in-toeing, genu valgus/varus, and pes valgus.
    • Most of these conditions resolve spontaneously, but a percentage may persist without intervention.
    • Early identification of persistent deformities is essential to prevent irreversible conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline objective criteria for identifying toddler orthopaedic conditions likely to persist.
    • To guide timely orthopaedic management for children requiring intervention.
    • To discuss appropriate treatments for specific persistent deformities.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of common toddler orthopaedic conditions and their natural progression.

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  • Analysis of criteria for distinguishing self-resolving cases from those needing treatment.
  • Description of treatment modalities including bracing, casting, and surgical options.

    • Main Results:

    • Femoral torsion, if persistent, may require surgery by age eight.
    • Internal tibial torsion and talar torsion usually resolve by age seven, but 8% persist.
    • Metatarsus adductus may benefit from serial casting in infants with moderate to severe deformities.
    • Genu varus can progress to Blount's disease, potentially preventable with early splinting.
    • Pes valgus treatment is considered for feet with plantar flexed talus ≥50 degrees, using shoe inserts for children aged 2-6.

    Conclusions:

    • Objective assessment is vital for selecting toddlers needing orthopaedic intervention.
    • Timely treatment, tailored to the specific deformity, can prevent long-term issues.
    • Conservative treatments like bracing and casting are effective for specific conditions in young children.