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Programming "loose training" as a strategy to facilitate language generalization

C R Campbell, K Stremel-Campbell

    Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Loose training effectively taught language skills to students with moderate intellectual disabilities. Skills generalized to new settings and persisted over time, showing durable language acquisition.

    Area of Science:

    • Linguistics
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Special Education

    Background:

    • Language acquisition in individuals with intellectual disabilities presents unique challenges.
    • Generalization and durability of learned language behaviors are critical for functional communication.
    • The "loose training" strategy offers a potential method to enhance language generalization.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the generalization and durability of spontaneous complex language behavior.
    • To evaluate the effectiveness of a "loose training" strategy in teaching grammatical structures.
    • To assess the use of "is/are" across "wh" questions, "yes/no" reversal questions, and statements.

    Main Methods:

    • A within-subject, across-behaviors multiple-baseline design was employed.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Two moderately intellectually disabled students participated in the study.
  • Language training was integrated within academic tasks, with reduced stimulus control to encourage spontaneous responses.

    • Main Results:

    • The "loose training" strategy proved effective in establishing specific language responses.
    • Both participants demonstrated spontaneous use of trained language behaviors in a generalization setting (free play).
    • A clear trend indicated that generalization of language skills continued over time.

    Conclusions:

    • The "loose training" method is successful in promoting spontaneous language generalization and durability.
    • This strategy facilitates the acquisition of complex language structures in students with intellectual disabilities.
    • The findings support the application of "loose training" for improving functional language skills.