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Cardiovascular reflexes in conscious toads

A Hoffmann, M B de Souza

    Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System
    |May 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Electrical stimulation of the laryngeal nerve in toads can trigger cardiovascular changes. These responses, mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system, highlight the role of chemoreceptors in the pulmocutaneous artery.

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    Area of Science:

    • Amphibian physiology
    • Cardiovascular regulation
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • The cardiovascular system of amphibians, like toads (Bufo paracnemis), exhibits unique regulatory mechanisms.
    • Understanding the neural control of circulation is crucial for comparative physiology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the cardiovascular and respiratory effects of stimulating the laryngeal nerve and perfusing the pulmocutaneous artery in toads.
    • To elucidate the neural pathways and receptor types involved in these responses.

    Main Methods:

    • Surgical implantation of sensors and catheters in temporarily anesthetized toads.
    • Electrical stimulation of the laryngeal nerve and perfusion of the pulmocutaneous artery in conscious toads.
    • Pharmacological blockade using atropine, methyl-homatropine, phentolamine, and lidocaine.

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    Main Results:

    • High-frequency laryngeal nerve stimulation induced a drop in arterial pressure, bradycardia, or cardiac arrest, mediated by cholinergic parasympathetic pathways.
    • Low-frequency stimulation or lobeline perfusion caused hypertension, enhanced throat movements, and electromyographic activity, blocked by phentolamine.
    • Lidocaine application resulted in increased blood pressure, tachycardia, and enhanced ventilation, attributed to baroreceptor suppression.

    Conclusions:

    • The study identifies cholinergic parasympathetic control over arterial pressure in toads via the laryngeal nerve.
    • Evidence suggests the presence of chemoreceptors in the pulmocutaneous arterial wall involved in cardiovascular regulation.
    • Baroreceptor reflexes also play a significant role in modulating cardiovascular and respiratory functions in these amphibians.