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Ectopically produced calcitonin in human hemoblastoses

K H Pflüger, C Gropp, K Havemann

    Klinische Wochenschrift
    |July 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Elevated calcitonin (CT) levels are common in acute leukemia and CML blast crisis, potentially indicating disease activity. These findings suggest leukemic cells may ectopically produce this proteohormone.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Oncology
    • Hematology

    Background:

    • Calcitonin (CT) is a hormone primarily involved in calcium regulation.
    • Elevated CT levels have been observed in various malignancies, but their role in myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders requires further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the incidence of elevated serum calcitonin (CT) in patients with myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders.
    • To explore the correlation between serum CT levels and disease activity in these conditions.
    • To characterize the molecular forms of CT in patient samples and leukemic cells.

    Main Methods:

    • Serum samples from patients with various hematologic malignancies were analyzed for immunoreactive calcitonin (CT) levels.
    • Gel chromatography was employed to determine the molecular weight of CT in serum and cell extracts.

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  • Disease activity, including remission and relapse status, was correlated with serum CT levels.

    • Main Results:

    • Approximately 45% of patients with acute leukemia and chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) in blast crisis exhibited elevated serum CT levels.
    • Markedly elevated CT levels (>1,000 pg/ml) were exclusively found in the acute leukemia/CML blast crisis group.
    • Serum CT levels demonstrated a dynamic pattern, decreasing during remission and increasing with relapse, suggesting a link to disease activity.
    • Lower incidences and only slightly elevated CT levels were observed in chronic leukemia, Hodgkin's, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
    • Gel chromatography revealed both physiological and high-molecular-weight forms of CT in serum and cell extracts, with leukemic cells predominantly showing higher molecular forms.

    Conclusions:

    • Elevated serum calcitonin (CT) levels are frequently observed in acute leukemia and CML blast crisis and appear to correlate with disease activity.
    • The presence of high-molecular-weight CT forms in leukemic cells suggests ectopic production of this proteohormone by malignant cells.
    • Further research into the role of calcitonin in hematologic malignancies may offer diagnostic or prognostic insights.