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Apolipoprotein E levels in vegetarians

D R Lock, A Varhol, S Grimes

    Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
    |September 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Vegetarian diets, even those with varying cholesterol intake, significantly lower apolipoprotein E (apo E) levels. This reduction in apo E may play a role in the cardiovascular benefits associated with plant-based eating.

    Area of Science:

    • Nutritional Science
    • Cardiovascular Health
    • Metabolic Research

    Background:

    • Vegetarians typically exhibit lower levels of plasma lipids and apolipoproteins A-I and B.
    • Dietary cholesterol influences apolipoprotein E (apo E) metabolism.
    • Apolipoprotein E plays a crucial role in lipid transport and metabolism.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of vegetarian diets on plasma apolipoprotein E (apo E) levels.
    • To explore the relationship between varying levels of dietary cholesterol intake within vegetarian diets and apo E concentrations.
    • To understand how vegetarianism affects lipid metabolism and potentially atherogenesis.

    Main Methods:

    • Plasma apo E levels were measured in three distinct groups of vegetarians with differing daily cholesterol intakes (Group I: <10 mg, Group II: 97 mg, Group III: 179 mg).

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  • Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were compared to control values.
  • Factors such as body weight, P:S ratio, and macronutrient intake were assessed for correlation with apo E levels.

    • Main Results:

    • All vegetarian groups showed significantly decreased plasma cholesterol (10%-30%) and triglyceride (30%-55%) levels compared to controls.
    • Plasma apo E levels were uniformly decreased by 35% across all vegetarian groups, irrespective of cholesterol intake.
    • Apo E levels increased during pregnancy but normalized post-lactation, showing a dynamic response to physiological changes.
    • No correlation was found between decreased apo E levels and body weight, P:S ratio, or macronutrient intake.

    Conclusions:

    • Low cholesterol intake, characteristic of vegetarian diets, appears to contribute to reduced plasma apo E levels.
    • Vegetarian diets may modify apolipoprotein E metabolism, potentially influencing the lipid-lowering effects beneficial for preventing atherosclerosis.
    • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which vegetarian diets impact apo E and cardiovascular health.