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[HLA and susceptibility to malignancies]

J Hors

    Bulletin Du Cancer
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is linked to cancer susceptibility. Specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types, like HLA-A2 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and HLA-A1 in Hodgkin's disease, show increased frequency in patients, suggesting a genetic role in malignancy development.

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    European journal of immunogenetics : official journal of the British Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics·1999

    Area of Science:

    • Immunogenetics
    • Cancer Biology
    • Human Genetics

    Context:

    • The relationship between the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and human malignancy susceptibility is a complex area of research.
    • Population studies and familial case analyses provide crucial data for understanding genetic predispositions to cancer.
    • The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system, a key part of the MHC, plays a vital role in immune response and has been implicated in various diseases.

    Purpose:

    • To investigate the association between specific Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) phenotypes and susceptibility to certain malignancies.
    • To explore potential genetic linkages between the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and familial cancer syndromes.
    • To consolidate evidence supporting the role of the MHC in the multifactorial and polygenic determination of human cancers.

    Summary:

    • Population studies reveal a significantly increased frequency of HLA-A2 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and HLA-A1 in Hodgkin's disease compared to controls.
    • Analysis of familial Hodgkin's disease cases shows an excess of HLA-identical sibling pairs, suggesting linkage between susceptibility genes and the HLA region.
    • Evidence also points to a potential linkage in familial malignant melanoma, consistent with a dominant inheritance pattern, further supporting the MHC's role in cancer etiology.

    Impact:

    • These findings reinforce the significant contribution of the MHC to the polygenic and multifactorial nature of certain human malignancies.
    • Understanding these genetic associations can pave the way for improved risk assessment and potentially novel therapeutic strategies.
    • The study highlights the intricate interplay between immune genetics and cancer development, emphasizing the MHC's broad influence on disease susceptibility.

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