[Femoral neck retroversions]

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Pediatric Orthopedics
• Biomechanical Engineering

Background:

• Femoral neck retroversion is a hip deformity that can lead to gait disturbances and restricted motion.
• Distinguishing true retroversion from functional types is crucial for appropriate management.
• Late onset, typically after age eight, is characteristic, often accompanied by genu valgum and restricted medial rotation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report on ten cases of true femoral neck retroversion.
• To differentiate true retroversion from more common functional types.
• To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment outcomes for true femoral neck retroversion.

Main Methods:

• Case series reporting ten patients with femoral neck retroversion.
• Diagnosis confirmed using X-rays and/or body scans to precisely measure the degree of retroversion.
• Clinical assessment focusing on gait analysis, range of motion (especially medial rotation), and presence of genu valgum.

Main Results:

• Ten cases of true femoral neck retroversion were identified and analyzed.
• Diagnostic imaging (X-ray, body scan) accurately quantified the degree of retroversion.
• Key clinical signs included late onset (over eight years), lateral gait rotation, genu valgum, and significantly restricted medial rotation.

Conclusions:

• True femoral neck retroversion is a distinct entity requiring accurate diagnosis.
• Classification into mild (anatomical) and severe (geometrical) forms is proposed.
• Severe geometrical retroversions necessitate surgical treatment, specifically derotation osteotomy of the femur.