The energy content of infant formulas

The reported energy content of infant formulas will vary, depending upon the method used to calculate or measure the caloric value. Manufacturers' specifications regarding the energy content of milk formulas reflects the 'metabolizable' energy. i.e., the amount of energy which is digested and absorbed by the infant. However, estimates of absorptive efficiency are based primarily upon studies in young adult subjects fed mixed diets and therefore may not be generally applicable to all neonates. The actual caloric content of formulas may be determined accurately by bomb calorimetry which is not influenced by the relative metabolic efficiency of the infant who may utilize the formula. Therefore, it may be preferable to express the caloric value of milk base formulas in terms of absolute combustible energy.