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Epidemiological study in Switzerland

U C Dubach, B Rosner, P S Levy

    Kidney International
    |January 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    High intake of phenacetin-containing analgesics in women was linked to increased mortality and kidney dysfunction, specifically raised serum creatinine and bacteriuria. Low intake showed no significant difference from controls, indicating dose-dependent effects.

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Pharmacology
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Phenacetin-containing analgesics were widely used for pain relief.
    • Potential nephrotoxic effects of analgesics have been a public health concern.
    • Long-term health outcomes associated with phenacetin use required investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the association between phenacetin analgesic intake and urorenal disorders.
    • To evaluate the impact of phenacetin on mortality and kidney function markers.
    • To determine if the effects of phenacetin are dose-dependent.

    Main Methods:

    • A cohort study involving 623 women with phenacetin use and 621 controls.
    • Follow-up examinations conducted from 1968 to 1975.
    • Laboratory assessment of urorenal disorders, including urine specific gravity, serum creatinine, proteinuria, hematuria, and bacteriuria.

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    Main Results:

    • Higher mortality observed in the phenacetin study group compared to controls and expected population rates.
    • Increased incidence of low urine specific gravity and raised serum creatinine in the overall phenacetin group.
    • Only the high-intake phenacetin subgroup showed significantly elevated serum creatinine and higher rates of bacteriuria compared to controls.

    Conclusions:

    • Phenacetin-containing analgesic use, particularly high intake, is associated with increased mortality and kidney dysfunction.
    • The observed renal effects, including raised serum creatinine and bacteriuria, appear to be dose-dependent.
    • These findings highlight the nephrotoxic potential of phenacetin and support its withdrawal from the market.