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01:10Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
01:01Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
01:05Cerebral Hemispheres
The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
01:28Lateralization
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
01:15Depth Perception and Spatial Vision
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
01:27Language and Cognition
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Braille reading and left and right hemispace
Neuropsychologia
|January 1, 1982
Summary
This study found no general left-hand preference in blind adults reading Braille. Hand superiority in tactile tasks appears linked to hemisphere-hand connections, not hemispace.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Psychology
- Sensory Perception
Background:
- Previous research suggested a left-hand preference in tactile verbal tasks.
- The role of hemispace (ipsilateral vs. contralateral) in tactile processing remains debated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate hand preference and hemispace effects in blind adults reading Braille.
- To determine the relative importance of hemisphere-hand versus hemisphere-hemispace relationships in tactile tasks.
Main Methods:
- Twelve blind adults located targets in Braille lists.
- Reading hand position varied (ipsilateral/contralateral hemispace).
- Phonological and semantic target definitions were used.
Main Results:
- Consistent, individual hand superiorities were observed for all list types.
- No general left-hand preference or overall left-hand superiority was found.
- Hemispace manipulation did not alter hand superiority magnitude or direction.
Conclusions:
- Hemisphere-hand connections are more critical than hemisphere-hemispace relationships for this complex tactile task.
- Left-hand/hemispace superiority in tactile verbal tasks may be limited to novel or degraded materials.