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[Toxic shock syndrome]

U C Wulff, H G Hansen, W Marg

    Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
    |November 19, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare but serious illness linked to Staph. aureus toxins, often seen in menstruating women using tampons. This case highlights TSS in a young adolescent, emphasizing the need for awareness and prompt diagnosis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Infectious Diseases
    • Microbiology
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a severe, toxin-mediated disease primarily associated with Staphylococcus aureus.
    • Historically, TSS has been predominantly reported in menstruating women using tampons, with approximately 700 cases documented.
    • The condition is characterized by a rapid onset of fever, rash, hypotension, and multi-organ involvement.

    Observation:

    • A case of severe acute septicaemia in a 13-year-old girl is presented.
    • The initial presentation mimicked other severe infections, delaying the recognition of TSS.
    • A definitive aetiopathogenetic link to tampon use was established only upon recurrence of identical symptoms during a subsequent menstrual period.

    Findings:

    • The recurrent nature of the illness, occurring precisely three days after the onset of menstruation, strongly implicated tampon use.

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  • The clinical presentation was consistent with Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome, despite the patient's age and initial diagnostic challenges.
  • This case underscores the potential for TSS in younger individuals and the importance of considering tampon use in its etiology.

    • Implications:

    • This case expands the understanding of TSS demographics, including its occurrence in adolescents.
    • It highlights the diagnostic challenges in atypical presentations and the significance of menstrual cycle correlation.
    • Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for TSS in young females presenting with severe febrile illness, particularly if associated with tampon use.