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Changes in surface-bound and exchangeable calcium during platelet activation

L F Brass, S J Shattil

    The Journal of Biological Chemistry
    |December 10, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Platelets utilize surface-bound calcium, not intracellular influx, when activated by ADP or epinephrine. These agonists increase calcium binding to platelet surfaces, potentially influencing activation pathways.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Cell Biology
    • Hematology

    Background:

    • Platelets play a crucial role in hemostasis and thrombosis.
    • Calcium ions (Ca2+) are critical regulators of platelet activation.
    • Understanding the dynamics of Ca2+ pools in platelets is essential for comprehending platelet function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and epinephrine on exchangeable calcium (Ca2+) pools in human platelets.
    • To differentiate between intracellular and surface-bound Ca2+ pools and their responses to agonists.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the radioactive calcium isotope (45CaCl2) to measure Ca2+ exchange in gel-filtered platelets.
    • Employed ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N'N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and LaCl3 to distinguish between intracellular and surface-bound Ca2+.

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  • Analyzed Ca2+ binding sites and affinities using equilibrium studies.

    • Main Results:

    • Platelets possess both intracellular (54%) and surface-bound (46%) Ca2+ pools.
    • ADP and epinephrine increased surface-bound Ca2+ by up to 50%, primarily by augmenting lower-affinity binding sites.
    • Agonists enhanced the rate of Ca2+ exchange into the intracellular pool by 40% without increasing net intracellular Ca2+ levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Platelet activation by ADP and epinephrine does not involve a net influx of Ca2+.
    • These agonists increase Ca2+ binding to the platelet surface membrane.
    • Surface-bound Ca2+ may be involved in key membrane-associated platelet activation processes.