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Cell surface patterning and morphogenesis: biogenesis of a periodic surface array during Caulobacter development

J Smit, N Agabian

    The Journal of Cell Biology
    |October 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Cellular differentiation involves surface changes, with Caulobacter crescentus forming a stalk. Its surface layer grows via new synthesis on the stalk and cell division sites, unlike the main cell body.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Cell Biology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Cellular differentiation involves surface elaborations and membrane reshaping without significant biochemical changes.
    • Caulobacter crescentus exhibits a unique life cycle, forming a membranous stalk and possessing a hexagonally-packed periodic surface layer.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the growth patterns of the Caulobacter crescentus surface layer during the cell cycle.
    • To elucidate the mechanisms of surface array biogenesis in different cellular compartments, including the main cell body, stalk, and division site.

    Main Methods:

    • Synchronously growing Caulobacter crescentus cells were treated with a surface layer antibody.
    • Subsequent growth and labeling for electron microscopy using a protein A-colloidal gold conjugate were performed.

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  • Immunocytological techniques were employed to examine stalk initiation, growth, and surface layer biogenesis.

    • Main Results:

    • Surface layer growth on the main cell body occurred through insertion of new material at distributed points.
    • The surface layer on the stalk and at the cell division site was synthesized entirely anew.
    • Stalk elongation rate varied between cells and appeared independent of cell cycle control, while initiation was tightly regulated.

    Conclusions:

    • Surface layer biogenesis differs between the main cell body and specialized structures like the stalk and division site.
    • The similarity in surface layer synthesis at the stalk and division site suggests shared underlying cellular events at the cell pole.
    • A model for polar morphogenesis is proposed, linking the ordered surface array to stalk formation and maintenance.