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Sensitivity tests with cephalosporins

P M Waterworth

    Journal of Clinical Pathology
    |November 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli showed variable sensitivity to cephalosporins. Cefuroxime (CROX) effectively inhibited these strains, unlike cephaloridine (CLOR) and cephalexin (CLEX).

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Antimicrobial Resistance
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Gram-negative bacilli are a diverse group of bacteria.
    • Beta-lactamase production confers resistance to many antibiotics, including cephalosporins.
    • Accurate susceptibility testing is crucial for effective treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the in vitro sensitivity of miscellaneous Gram-negative bacilli, particularly beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli, to various cephalosporins.
    • To compare the efficacy of different testing methods for cephalosporin susceptibility.

    Main Methods:

    • Testing of 127 Gram-negative bacilli strains against multiple cephalosporins.
    • Utilized disc diffusion tests and agar breakpoint methods with varying antibiotic concentrations.

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  • Broth microdilution was employed for specific cephalosporin evaluations.

    • Main Results:

    • Disc tests with cephaloridine (CLOR), cephalothin (CTIN), and cephalexin (CLEX) falsely indicated sensitivity in many beta-lactamase-producing E. coli strains.
    • Agar breakpoint tests showed considerable variability in strain response to lower cephalosporin concentrations.
    • Broth tests revealed that while CLOR and CLEX failed to inhibit beta-lactamase-producing E. coli, cefuroxime (CROX) demonstrated inhibitory activity.

    Conclusions:

    • Standard disc diffusion and agar breakpoint methods may misrepresent the susceptibility of beta-lactamase-producing E. coli to certain cephalosporins.
    • Cefuroxime (CROX) shows promise for treating infections caused by these resistant strains.
    • Careful selection of antimicrobial agents and testing methodologies is essential for managing Gram-negative bacterial infections.