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Quantitative analysis of methods for reducing physiological brain pulsations

R H Britt, G T Rossi

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

|September 1, 1982

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Brain pulsations from cardiac and respiratory cycles hinder stable neuron recordings. Techniques like pneumothoraces and cerebrospinal fluid drainage offer partial reduction, but a non-pulsatile blood flow system is proposed for optimal results.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Physiology

Background:

Mammalian brain movements, driven by arterial and venous pressure fluctuations, complicate stable intracellular neuronal recordings.
Quantifying these movements is crucial for developing effective neurophysiological techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify brainstem movements in cats caused by cardiac and respiratory cycles.
To evaluate the efficacy of traditional neurophysiological methods in reducing these movements.

Main Methods:

Recorded two components of brain movement: arterial (A-wave) and pulmonary (P-wave).
Assessed the impact of pneumothoraces, mechanical ventilation, head elevation, and cerebrospinal fluid drainage on movement reduction.
Investigated the relationship between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and arterial pulsations.

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Main Results:

The arterial component (A-wave) had low amplitude (110-266 µm) and short duration (330-400 ms).
The pulmonary component (P-wave) exhibited high amplitude (300-950 µm) and longer duration (2.4-5.1 s).
Pneumothoraces, ventilation, and head elevation reduced P-wave by 68% and A-wave by 40%. Cerebrospinal fluid drainage reduced P-wave by up to 50%.
Lowering MAP below 40 mm Hg was required to reduce A-waves below 100 µm, compromising brainstem auditory evoked responses. Residual movements persisted at MAPs > 50 mm Hg.

Conclusions:

Traditional methods partially mitigate brain movement but do not fully resolve challenges for stable intracellular recordings.
Achieving stable recordings requires minimizing brain pulsations below 100 µm, which is difficult with current methods.
A cardiopulmonary bypass system generating non-pulsatile blood flow is proposed as a potential solution.