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Related Experiment Videos

Retinal vein diameter during reversible upper respiratory bypass

L O Ohale, N G Ghoshal

    Research in Veterinary Science
    |September 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Nasal bypass breathing in sheep increased retinal vein size and caused optic disc swelling. This suggests elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure during nasal bypass breathing may lead to optic nerve damage.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Neurosurgery
    • Veterinary Medicine

    Background:

    • The study investigates the physiological effects of altered breathing patterns on ocular structures.
    • Previous research has not fully elucidated the impact of nasal bypass breathing on retinal vasculature and optic nerve health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the effects of reversible tracheal cannula-induced nasal bypass breathing on retinal vein diameter and optic disc morphology in sheep.
    • To explore the potential link between cerebrospinal fluid pressure changes and optic nerve/retinal vein alterations during nasal bypass breathing.

    Main Methods:

    • A reversible tracheal cannula was surgically implanted in 14 Rambouillet sheep.
    • Sheep were subjected to two breathing conditions: normal nasal breathing and nasal bypass breathing via the cannula.
    • Retinal vein diameter was measured, and histological sections of the retina and optic disc were analyzed.

    Main Results:

    • Nasal bypass breathing led to a significant increase in the outer diameter of the superotemporal retinal vein compared to normal breathing.
    • Histological examination revealed disc elevation and marked venous engorgement in the retina and optic disc during nasal bypass breathing.
    • Axoplasmic flow stasis and swelling of optic nerve axons were observed in the prelaminar optic disc area.

    Conclusions:

    • Nasal bypass breathing in sheep may increase cerebrospinal fluid pressure, consequently elevating optic nerve tissue pressure.
    • This pressure increase appears to cause axoplasmic flow stasis and optic nerve axon swelling, leading to retinal vein compression and engorgement.
    • The findings suggest a potential mechanism for optic nerve damage associated with nasal bypass breathing, relevant to ophthalmology and neurosurgery.

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