Observations on normal skeletal muscle of mature dogs: a cytochemical, histochemical, and morphometric study

Cytochemical, histochemical, and morphometric features of skeletal muscle were evaluated in 140 specimens from five appendicular muscles of 28 dogs which were free of neuromuscular disease. Dogs ranged from six months to 15 years of age. Evidence of degeneration and regeneration, cell reactions and architectural change was found but with an incidence of less than 1% of the total myofiber population in any muscle. The number of fibers with internal nuclei never exceeded 1%. The only changes that appeared to be age-related were fiber size variation associated with the presence of small angular type IIA fibers in muscles of dogs seven years of age and older. Percentages of type I, type IIA, and type IIC fibers remained relatively constant in the various muscles in the age range examined. Type I fibers predominated in medial head of triceps brachii and superficial digital flexor muscles, whereas type IIA fibers were more numerous in biceps femoris and long head of triceps brachii muscles. An approximately equal ratio was found in gastrocranius muscles. In any given muscle, type IIC fibers represented less than 2% of the fibers. Statistically significant differences were found in values for fiber size between groups of dogs weighing more than (mean diameter range = 40 to 50 microns) and less than (mean diameter range = 30 to 40 microns) 15 kilograms.