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Updated: Aug 17, 2026
07:32
Dynamic Electrochemical Measurement of Chloride Ions
Published on: February 5, 2016
Electrolyte studies. 2. Potassium, chloride, and acid-base
Postgraduate Medicine
|November 1, 1978
Abstract:
Hypokalemia plus elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) content usually indicates renal or gastrointestinal potassium (K+) loss. Hypokalemia plus decreased CO2 content usually means intestinal K+ loss. Hyperkalemia is common in metabolic acidosis and oliguric renal failure. With hemolysis or thrombocytosis, serum K+ concentration may be elevated while plasma concentration is normal. A CO2 value less than 18 mmole/liter suggests metabolic acidosis; a value greater than 30 mmole/liter suggests metabolic alkalosis.
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