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Related Experiment Videos

Waterborne outbreak control: which disinfectant?

E W Akin, J C Hoff, E C Lippy

    Environmental Health Perspectives
    |December 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Drinking water disinfection remains crucial for public health, as outbreaks still occur despite modern treatments. Evaluating alternatives to chlorination, like ozone and chlorine dioxide, is vital due to potential carcinogens.

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Public Health
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Drinking water disinfection has historically controlled waterborne diseases like typhoid fever.
    • Despite modern treatments, waterborne disease outbreaks are increasing, often linked to disinfection failures.
    • Chlorination, the traditional disinfectant, faces scrutiny due to the formation of potentially carcinogenic byproducts.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the ongoing importance of drinking water disinfection.
    • To evaluate alternative disinfectants to chlorine.
    • To compare the efficacy of ozone, chlorine dioxide, and chloramines.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of historical data on waterborne disease outbreaks.
    • Analysis of disinfection deficiencies in water supplies.

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  • Comparative assessment of the biocidal efficiency of various disinfectants.

    • Main Results:

    • Chlorination failures are the most common cause of recent outbreaks.
    • Ozone exhibits the highest biocidal efficiency, followed by chlorine dioxide and then chloramines.
    • Disinfectant efficacy varies depending on the specific microorganism and experimental conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • Waterborne pathogens remain a significant public health threat, underscoring the need for effective disinfection.
    • Alternative disinfectants like ozone and chlorine dioxide offer viable options to chlorination.
    • Continued research is necessary to optimize disinfectant selection and application for microbial control.