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The development of visual function in normal and neurologically abnormal preterm and fullterm infants

A Morante, L M Dubowitz, M Leven

    Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
    |December 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Visual development in infants was studied. Abnormal preterm infants showed poorer pattern preference and visual acuity, especially those with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), indicating delayed visual maturation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal development
    • Developmental neuroscience
    • Pediatric ophthalmology

    Background:

    • Visual functions mature rapidly during the neonatal period.
    • Assessing visual development is crucial for identifying potential neurological abnormalities in infants.
    • Preterm infants face unique challenges in visual maturation compared to full-term infants.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To chart the maturation of pattern preference and visual acuity in preterm and full-term infants.
    • To assess the predictive value of these visual functions in neurologically abnormal infants.
    • To compare visual development in infants with and without intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).

    Main Methods:

    • Compared pattern preference and visual acuity in neurologically normal and abnormal preterm and full-term infants.

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  • Evaluated infants at various postmenstrual ages (36 and 40 weeks) and postnatal ages (newborn, 4, and 6 weeks).
  • Analyzed visual function differences between infants with and without intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).

    • Main Results:

    • At 40 weeks postmenstrual age, preterm infants performed less well than full-term newborns.
    • Abnormal full-term infants showed significantly poorer pattern preference and visual acuity.
    • Abnormal preterm infants consistently demonstrated poorer pattern preference and visual acuity at 36 and 40 weeks.
    • Preterm infants with IVH had a significant deficit in visual acuity compared to abnormal infants without IVH.

    Conclusions:

    • Visual functions mature differently in preterm versus full-term infants, with preterm infants showing delays.
    • Pattern preference and visual acuity deficits can predict neurological abnormalities in infants.
    • Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) significantly impacts visual acuity development in preterm infants.