[Gynecomastia. Radiological and pharmacological aspects]

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Radiology
• Oncology

Background:

• Gynecomastia, the enlargement of male breast tissue, is often unilateral on clinical examination.
• Mammography frequently reveals contralateral, impalpable gynecomastia not detected during physical exams.
• The left breast is more commonly affected clinically and radiologically.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the utility of mammography in detecting subclinical gynecomastia.
• To discuss the common causes and potential underlying pathologies of gynecomastia.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical and radiological findings in gynecomastia cases.
• Analysis of etiological factors, including iatrogenic and organic causes.

Main Results:

• Mammography is more sensitive than clinical examination for detecting gynecomastia, especially in the contralateral breast.
• Iatrogenic causes, primarily cardiac stimulants and diuretics, are the most frequent.
• Rare but significant associations with testicular, hepatic, or adrenal lesions and endocrine imbalances were noted.

Conclusions:

• Mammography plays a crucial role in the comprehensive evaluation of gynecomastia, revealing subclinical findings.
• While often medication-induced, gynecomastia warrants investigation for serious underlying organic diseases.
• Early detection through imaging can aid in timely diagnosis and management of associated conditions.