Access to social security microdata files for research and statistical purposes

This article focuses on the characteristics of SSA microdata files and on the development of a disclosure policy aimed at serving the public interest while protecting the privacy of individuals and the confidentiality of research and statistical information. Several dimensions of the disclosure question are explored: A description of the persons (both living and dead) and other entities that are the data subjects; the ability of users to associate known data subjects with information about them; the sources of data; expectations as to recontact of data subjects; and the terms and conditions under which microdata are released to users outside SSA. The factors controlling the decision whether or not to release microdata are discussed. The factors range from those intended to protect the data subject--the criteria specified by law for maintaining confidentiality for example and the principles applied by SSA in assessment of disclosure risk--to those more concerned with agency function, such as financial cost to the agency, and interference with its primary mission. Some particular practices are described to illustrate application of present policy principles. Brief attention is given to future implications of certain current developments such as the Privacy Act, the Sunshine Act, and the Tax Reform Act of 1976.