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Cell detachment and cloning efficiency as parameters for cytotoxicity

C A Reinhardt, H Schawalder, G Zbinden

    Toxicology
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of organotin compounds using Baby Hamster Kidney cells. Organotins showed higher toxicity than endogenous substances, with cell detachment assays correlating with cloning efficiency assays for toxicity ranking.

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    Area of Science:

    • Toxicology
    • Cell Biology
    • Environmental Chemistry

    Background:

    • Cytotoxicity assessment is crucial for evaluating chemical safety.
    • Organotin compounds are known environmental pollutants with varying toxicity profiles.
    • Standardized in vitro assays are needed for reliable toxicity quantification.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify the in vitro cytotoxicity of specific endogenous chemicals and organotin compounds.
    • To compare the sensitivity of cell detachment and cloning efficiency assays for cytotoxicity.
    • To correlate in vitro toxicity findings with known in vivo toxicity data.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized Baby Hamster Kidney (BHK-21 C13) cells for cytotoxicity testing.
    • Assessed cytotoxicity by measuring cell detachment and cloning efficiency.

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  • Determined IC50 (inhibitory concentration for 50% cloning efficiency) and CD50 (concentration for 50% cell detachment) values.

    • Main Results:

    • Endogenous substances (glutathione, L-methionine, L-cysteine HCl) exhibited low cytotoxicity (IC50 > 10(-3) M).
    • Organotin compounds showed significant cytotoxicity: tributyltin salts (IC50 ~ 10(-6) M) and tetraalkyltins (IC50 ~ 10(-5) M).
    • CD50 values were consistently higher than IC50 values; cell detachment assay was less sensitive for toxic tributyltins.

    Conclusions:

    • Both cell detachment and cloning efficiency assays effectively rank organotin compound toxicity.
    • In vitro results align with known in vivo toxicity sequences for the tested chemicals.
    • The study validates these assays for assessing organotin compound cytotoxicity and environmental risk.