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Di(4-aminophenyl)-methane (MDA): 4-7 year dog feeding study

W B Deichmann, W E MacDonald, M Coplan

    Toxicology
    |October 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Long-term ingestion of MDA in beagles caused liver and kidney damage but did not lead to tumors. This study investigated the toxic effects of MDA on canine organs over several years.

    Area of Science:

    • Toxicology
    • Veterinary Pathology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDA) is a psychoactive substance with known toxicological concerns.
    • Limited data exists on the chronic effects of MDA ingestion in animal models, particularly regarding organ pathology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the long-term toxicological effects of purified and crude MDA in pure-bred female beagles.
    • To assess the impact of chronic MDA ingestion on various organs, including the liver, kidneys, and spleen, and to determine its carcinogenic potential.

    Main Methods:

    • Nine pure-bred female beagles were administered purified or crude MDA (70 mg doses, 3 times/week) for 3 years, 11 months to 7 years, 2 months.
    • Dosage ranged from 39.98 g to 66.92 g/dog (approx. 4.0–6.26 g/kg body weight).

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  • Comprehensive gross and micropathological examinations of organs were conducted, alongside biochemical blood analyses.

    • Main Results:

    • MDA ingestion resulted in occasional body weight loss with prompt recovery upon interruption of treatment.
    • No significant effects were observed on blood sugar, BUN, creatinine, uric acid, total protein, or albumin. Alkaline phosphatase activity showed questionable changes.
    • Moderate to severe gross and micropathological changes were evident in the liver, with less severe effects in the kidneys and spleen. Occasional changes were noted in other organs.
    • No tumors of the urinary bladder or liver were observed.

    Conclusions:

    • Chronic MDA ingestion induces significant hepatic and renal histopathological changes in beagles.
    • MDA does not appear to be carcinogenic in the urinary bladder or liver in this canine model.
    • Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific mechanisms of MDA-induced organ toxicity.