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Pituitary-adrenal axis in pinealoma

A Hasegawa, W Mori

    Acta Pathologica Japonica
    |November 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pineal and suprasellar tumors can disrupt the pituitary-adrenal axis. Some patients experienced adrenal atrophy, while others showed enlarged adrenal glands, indicating potential pituitary-adrenal dysfunction.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Neuro-oncology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Pineal and suprasellar tumors are rare but can impact nearby endocrine structures.
    • The pituitary-adrenal axis is crucial for stress response and metabolism.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of pineal and anterior third ventricle tumors on the pituitary-adrenal axis.
    • To analyze adrenal gland changes in patients with these specific tumor types.

    Main Methods:

    • Autopsy analysis of 19 patients with pineal and suprasellar tumors.
    • Comparison of adrenal gland weight with age- and sex-matched controls.
    • Correlation of tumor type with observed adrenal gland morphology.

    Main Results:

    • Germinomas were the most frequent tumor type (79%).
    • Metastatic tumors in the pituitary gland led to adrenal atrophy in 4 cases.
    • Pineal neoplasms were associated with larger adrenal weights in some patients, particularly those with sexual precocity.

    Conclusions:

    • Anterior pituitary insufficiency with adrenal atrophy is clinically significant.
    • Hyperfunction of the hypophyseoadrenal system may also occur in patients with these tumors.
    • Tumor location and type influence pituitary-adrenal axis function.

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