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Sex differences in autism

C Lord, E Schopler, D Revicki

    Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
    |December 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Autistic boys, aged 3-8, showed higher nonverbal IQs and advanced perception skills than girls. However, differences in vocabulary and visual-motor skills diminished when nonverbal IQ was accounted for.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Autism Spectrum Disorder Research

    Background:

    • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects individuals differently, with potential sex-based variations in cognitive and behavioral profiles.
    • Understanding these differences is crucial for targeted interventions and accurate diagnosis in children with autism.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare cognitive and adaptive functioning between male and female children diagnosed with autism.
    • To investigate sex-based differences in nonverbal intelligence, adaptive skills, and specific cognitive domains.

    Main Methods:

    • A cohort of 384 boys and 91 girls aged 3-8 years with autism participated.
    • Evaluations included nonverbal intelligence, adaptive functioning, receptive vocabulary (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test - PPVT), perception, and eye-hand integration using the Psychoeducational Profile (PEP).

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  • Ratings of affect, play, and social relating were also assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • Males demonstrated superior performance in eye-hand integration and perception skills.
    • Boys exhibited higher nonverbal IQs, social quotients, and PPVT IQs compared to girls.
    • When nonverbal IQ was controlled, sex differences in PPVT scores, eye-hand integration, and perception disappeared.
    • Males displayed more unusual visual responses and stereotypic play behaviors.

    Conclusions:

    • Sex differences in certain cognitive skills in autism may be influenced by overall nonverbal intelligence levels.
    • Observed behavioral differences, such as play patterns, warrant further investigation into underlying neurobiological factors like genetic thresholds and hemispheric lateralization.