High-resolution real-time sonography of fetal cardiovascular anatomy

With high-resolution real-time sonography it is possible to visualize normal fetal cardiovascular structures in a high percentage of second- and third-trimester pregnancies. At present the optimal view for cardiac visualization is the four-chamber view, which affords simultaneous imaging of the atria, ventricles, and atrioventricular and interventricular septa. The fetal aortic arch can be readily demonstrated in most patients. The most significant factor limiting cardiac examination is fetal position, since it is extremely difficult to scan prone fetuses. High-resolution real-time sonography has the potential to permit in utero diagnosis of major structural cardiac anomalies and should become part of the routine ultrasound screening for congenital anomalies.