Scanning electron microscopy of post-ejaculatory spermiogenesis in the tick Ornithodoros moubata

The final stages of spermiogenesis in ticks occur in the female genital tract. Scanning electron microscopy was used to follow the morphologic changes that occur in the sperm during this post-ejaculatory spermiogenesis in the African soft tick, Ornithodoros moubata, and to determine a time sequence for its occurrence in vivo. Characteristic features of the maturing and mature cell described include (1) differentiation and detachment of the operculum, (2) changes in cell shape corresponding to different developmental stages, (3) passive migration of the nucleus and acrosome from an anterior to a posterior position, and (4) eversion of that portion of the acrosomal canal containing the nucleus and acrosome. A possible fate for the remainder of the acrosomal canal is suggested by extrusion and detachment of spherical structures, the 'posterior bubbles', from the posterior end of the mature supermatozoon. A mechanism for cellular elongation resulting from contractions of the outer sheath is proposed.