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The vanishing twin

H J Landy, L Keith, D Keith

    Acta Geneticae Medicae Et Gemellologiae
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Many twin pregnancies experience early fetal loss, a phenomenon known as the vanishing twin. Ultrasound technology helps document this early pregnancy loss, with reported rates varying significantly.

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    Area of Science:

    • Perinatology
    • Reproductive Medicine
    • Obstetrics

    Background:

    • Early pregnancy loss in multiple gestations was historically underrecognized.
    • The advent of ultrasound enabled the documentation of fetal loss in utero.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and synthesize existing data on the vanishing twin phenomenon.
    • To explore the incidence, potential causes, and complications of early fetal loss in twin pregnancies.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of studies documenting the vanishing twin phenomenon.
    • Correspondence with experts in twin studies and obstetrics.
    • Analysis of reported "disappearance" rates from nine cited studies.

    Main Results:

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  • The "vanishing twin" phenomenon describes the early loss of one or more fetuses in a multiple gestation.
  • Reported rates of "disappearance" range from 0% to 78%, influenced by patient population and ultrasound timing.
  • Potential explanations include physiological resorption, blighted ovum, fetus papyraceus, or technical/equipment limitations.

    • Conclusions:

    • The vanishing twin is a recognized occurrence in multiple gestations, often detected via serial ultrasound.
    • The variability in reported rates suggests influencing factors in patient populations and diagnostic methods.
    • The primary documented complication is minor vaginal bleeding.