Structural features of cytochalasins responsible for gram-positive bacterial inhibitions

A study of the relative effectiveness of some eighteen natural and synthetically modified cytochalasins on the uptake of glucose by the Gram-positive bacterium Arthrobacter sialophilus showed that cytochalasins B, C or D and aspochalasins A, C or D were inactive natural congeners. The presence of an alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl group in the macrolide moiety of these compounds with appropriate bioisosteric placement, as exemplified by cytochalasin A and aspochalasin B, are requisite molecular features. The transmembrane inhibitory index of active compounds was enhanced by increasing their lipophilicity. Thiol adducts of CA were around 20% as active in solute uptake inhibition as was the free drug. Radioactive 7-O-acetyl CA and its thiol adduct were each rapidly taken up by A. sialophilus and remained firmly bound to cellular components even after denaturant manipulations. These findings provide strong evidence for a stable association between CA and presumptive macromolecular receptors in transport and related processes.