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Combinatorial process for extracellular matrix influences on gene expression: a hypothesis

H C Slavkin

    Journal of Craniofacial Genetics and Developmental Biology
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The extracellular matrix (ECM) guides gene expression, determining unique cell phenotypes during development. Its complex molecular composition orchestrates irreversible, differentiation-specific gene activation without requiring individual morphogens.

    Area of Science:

    • Developmental Biology
    • Cell Biology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • The extracellular matrix (ECM) significantly influences gene expression during organismal growth and development.
    • Cellular and tissue interactions generate complex ECMs, crucial for developmental processes.
    • Recent advances in isolating ECM macromolecules renew interest in their developmental roles.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a hypothesis that the ECM mediates de novo gene expression, termed "determination," of unique phenotypes.
    • To explore how ECM microenvironments induce irreversible, differentiation-specific gene expression.
    • To highlight the combinatorial nature of ECM influences on developmental instructions.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature and experimental results from various laboratories.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of cell-cell interactions and their impact on differentiation-specific protein synthesis.
  • Focus on the role of ECM macromolecules in mediating gene expression.

    • Main Results:

    • Cell-cell interactions, particularly close-range ones, promote differentiation-specific protein synthesis and accumulation during embryogenesis.
    • Specific gene families within the eukaryotic genome are preferentially activated during differentiation-specific protein expression.
    • The ECM microenvironment is shown to induce irreversible, differentiation-specific gene expression.

    Conclusions:

    • The extracellular matrix plays a critical role in determining unique cell phenotypes through de novo gene expression.
    • A combinatorial hypothesis suggests that alterations in ECM composition drive diverse developmental instructions.
    • The ECM's influence on gene expression during development is complex and does not rely on individual morphogens.