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Measuring death anxiety: conceptual, psychometric, and factor-analytic aspects

H R Conte, M B Weiner, R Plutchik

    Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
    |October 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers developed the Death Anxiety Questionnaire (DAQ) to reliably measure attitudes toward death. This validated tool identifies four key dimensions of death anxiety, aiding future research.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Gerontology
    • Thanatology

    Background:

    • Assessing attitudes toward death and dying is crucial in various psychological and medical fields.
    • Existing measures may lack brevity, reliability, or validity.
    • Understanding death anxiety is important for patient care and psychological well-being.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To construct a brief, reliable, and valid questionnaire for measuring attitudes toward death and dying.
    • To identify the underlying dimensions of death anxiety.
    • To provide a tool for future research on death anxiety.

    Main Methods:

    • Development and validation of the Death Anxiety Questionnaire (DAQ).
    • Cross-validation of the DAQ with established anxiety and depression scales.

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  • Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest reliability assessments.
  • Principal-components factor analysis to determine dimensions of death anxiety.

    • Main Results:

    • The DAQ demonstrated good internal consistency (alpha = .83) and test-retest reliability (r = .87).
    • Evidence for construct, concurrent, and discriminant validity of the DAQ was established.
    • Factor analysis revealed four dimensions: Fear of the Unknown, Fear of Suffering, Fear of Loneliness, and Fear of Personal Extinction.
    • No significant sex or age differences were found in death anxiety scores.

    Conclusions:

    • The Death Anxiety Questionnaire (DAQ) is a psychometrically sound instrument for measuring death anxiety.
    • The identified dimensions provide a nuanced understanding of death anxiety.
    • The DAQ can be utilized in diverse populations for research and clinical applications.