Metacontrast U-shaped functions derive from two monotonic processes

Different underlying processes account for the descending and ascending portions of the metacontrast U-shaped function obtained in the flanking-masks paradigm. One or another process is dominant on each trial. Each process is monotonic with stimulus onset asynchrony in the region in which it can be measured. The two processes may be isolated by asking the subject to report on each trial not only target visibility but also whether target and mask appear simultaneous or not. Standard U-shaped functions could be obtained only as an artifact of averaging across these different types of trials.