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Aortic changes in cynomolgus monkeys fed high-fat diets (long-term study)

R W Mueller, H B Schiefer, V A Laxdal

    Artery
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Dietary fats impact monkey cholesterol levels. Partially hydrogenated herring oil (PHHO) raised cholesterol and altered lipoproteins more than lard-corn oil (LCO), yet both fats showed low atherogenicity, suggesting a species-fat interaction.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nutritional Science
    • Cardiovascular Research
    • Primate Studies

    Background:

    • Dietary fats significantly influence serum lipid profiles and cardiovascular health.
    • Understanding the atherogenic potential of different fat types is crucial for public health.
    • Cynomolgus monkeys serve as a valuable model for human cardiovascular disease research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the effects of two distinct dietary fats on serum lipid profiles and aortic atherosclerosis in cynomolgus monkeys.
    • To investigate the atherogenic potential of a lard-corn oil (LCO) mixture versus partially hydrogenated herring oil (PHHO).

    Main Methods:

    • Cynomolgus monkeys were fed diets containing either LCO or PHHO for up to 30 months.
    • Serum cholesterol and lipoprotein concentrations (HDL, LDL, VLDL) were monitored.

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  • Aortic tissues were examined for the presence of atherosclerotic lesions.

    • Main Results:

    • PHHO-fed monkeys exhibited significantly higher serum cholesterol levels (260 mg/dl) compared to LCO-fed monkeys (180 mg/dl).
    • PHHO diet altered serum lipoprotein proportions, decreasing HDL and increasing LDL and VLDL.
    • Despite elevated cholesterol and altered lipoproteins in the PHHO group, overt atherosclerotic lesions were minimal, with only one LCO-fed animal developing a pre-atherosclerotic lesion.

    Conclusions:

    • The fats studied (LCO and PHHO) demonstrated low atherogenicity in cynomolgus monkeys, even with elevated serum cholesterol.
    • A notable interaction between specific dietary fats and the animal species' response to atherogenesis was observed.
    • These findings suggest that the atherogenic impact of dietary fats may be species-specific.