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Planfulness and problem solving in older adults

C C Adams, G W Rebok

    International Journal of Aging & Human Development
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Planning instructions improved problem-solving skills in older adults by enhancing search depth and reducing inquiry questions. This suggests a metacognitive strategy deficiency in later life that can be addressed.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Gerontology
    • Human Factors

    Background:

    • Investigating cognitive aging requires understanding how older adults approach problem-solving.
    • Concepts like planfulness and search depth are crucial for effective cognitive strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the impact of planning instructions on problem-solving in older adults.
    • To assess gender differences in cognitive problem-solving behaviors.

    Main Methods:

    • Participants (18 males, 18 females, aged 60-89) solved isomorphic inquiry problems.
    • Half received planning instructions to deepen knowledge search; the other half did not.
    • Data collected included total questions and information gain per question.

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    Main Results:

    • No significant gender differences were found in problem-solving efficiency.
    • Planning instructions significantly reduced the number of questions needed for solutions.
    • Instructions also increased the informational value of participants' inquiries.

    Conclusions:

    • Older adults may exhibit a metacognitive strategy deficiency in problem-solving.
    • Targeted instructions can enhance cognitive performance and information processing in later life.
    • Findings inform the development of cognitive training programs for the elderly.