Memory performance of young, middle, and old adults

Young, middle-aged, and older adults were assessed on tasks operationally defining short-term memory structural limitations and process abilities. The tasks were typical of previously related memory research with children and adolescents: monaural and dichotic word lists of variant association structure and rate of presentation. Although a number of minor chronological age-related differences were noted between monaural and dichotic word list performances, the findings indicated both structural capacity and organizational strategy deficiencies over successive adult age groups. In addition, older adults indicated significantly more heterogeneity of performance variance, both between and within age group comparisons. Results were summarized within the Cattell-Horn developmental model of fluid and crystallized abilities.