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Drugs and the aging

E B Siegel

    Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP
    |December 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Elderly individuals metabolize and excrete most drugs effectively, with few dosage adjustments needed for nonprescription medicines. Individual physiology, not just age, dictates drug response and potential side effects.

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    Area of Science:

    • Gerontology
    • Pharmacology
    • Geriatric Medicine

    Background:

    • Older adults consume a substantial proportion of over-the-counter (OTC) medications.
    • Individual responses to drugs are influenced by unique physiological and psychosocial factors.
    • Age-related physiological changes can impact drug bioavailability and absorption.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the impact of aging on drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
    • To determine the necessity of altering nonprescription drug dosages in the elderly.
    • To highlight age-related variability in drug tolerance and elimination.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of physiological changes associated with aging affecting drug absorption and metabolism.
    • Analysis of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alterations in geriatric populations.
    • Examination of age-related drug tolerance and elimination patterns.

    Main Results:

    • Most drugs are processed and eliminated as efficiently in the elderly as in younger individuals.
    • Dosage adjustments for OTC drugs are rarely required due to impaired absorption alone in the absence of disease.
    • Renal glomerular filtration rate decrease is a consistent aging feature, slowing excretion of water-soluble drugs.

    Conclusions:

    • Individualized drug dosing based on physiology and medical history is crucial for the elderly.
    • Modified pharmacodynamics in older adults may involve altered receptor binding or cellular responsiveness.
    • Significant side effects or ineffectiveness with OTC drugs are uncommon and often linked to prescription medications.

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