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Evidence for auditory localization ability in the turtle

M L Lenhardt

    The Journal of Auditory Research
    |October 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Turtles like Chrysemys scripta and Terrapene carolina major can detect sound direction and use hearing for maze learning. Their primitive auditory systems likely rely on bone conduction and head scanning for sound localization.

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    Area of Science:

    • Auditory Neuroscience
    • Animal Behavior
    • Herpetology

    Background:

    • Turtles possess auditory systems, but their capabilities for sound localization and use in complex behaviors are not fully understood.
    • Previous research has not extensively explored the functional aspects of hearing in emydid turtles beyond basic detection.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the auditory directional sensitivity and problem-solving capabilities of Chrysemys scripta and Terrapene carolina major.
    • To explore the mechanisms underlying sound perception in these turtle species, considering their evolutionary background.

    Main Methods:

    • Behavioral experiments using a Y-maze task with a 500-c/s auditory cue for navigation.
    • Observation of learning performance and trial counts to assess problem-solving ability.
    • Analysis of auditory system limitations and potential reliance on bone conduction and monaural cues.

    Main Results:

    • Both Chrysemys scripta and Terrapene carolina major demonstrated above-chance performance in learning the Y-maze using auditory cues.
    • Significant learning (60% correct) required an average of over 240 trials, indicating limited processing capacity.
    • Evidence suggests reliance on bone conduction and monaural cues, with poor air-borne sound processing.

    Conclusions:

    • Emydid turtles can behaviorally respond to sound and utilize limited hearing in problem-solving tasks like maze learning.
    • Their auditory systems are likely primitive, favoring bone conduction and head scanning over binaural cues for sound localization.
    • The evolutionary implications suggest a reliance on ancient reptilian auditory mechanisms.

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