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Immunological determination of serum m-AST activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Abstract:
Serum m-AST (mitochondrial isoenzyme of AST) activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction was determined quantitatively by a new immunological technique which is sensitive and easily available. All 31 patients with acute myocardial infarction showed abnormally high levels of serum m-AST (more than 5 KU/ml); the mean serum m-AST activity attained its peak (42.0 +/- 4.9 KU/ml) on the first day after the onset of infarction 5 hours later than that of serum t-AST (total AST) activity in 15 patients whose peak m- and t-AST activities were identified clearly. The individual peak m-AST activity correlated with the total CK released (r = 0.83, n = 15), indicating that the release of m-AST also reflects the infarct size. The ratio of serum m-AST/t-AST increased following myocardial infarction and showed the maximal value (average 25.7%) on the third to seventh day after onset. This ratio in the patients with acute myocardial ifarction was also greater than that in patients with liver disease or with heart failure from causes other than acute myocardial infarction. In the patients who had the additional complication of heart failure and/or cardiogenic shock the ratio was also greater than that is the patients without these hazards. These results indicate that the ratio of serum m-AST/t-AST reflects the severity of the myocardial cellular damage in acute myocardial infarction.
Insights
New immunological techniques reveal elevated serum mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (m-AST) in acute myocardial infarction patients. The m-AST/total AST ratio indicates myocardial damage severity.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Biochemistry
- Immunology
Background:
- Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis relies on various biomarkers.
- Mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (m-AST) is an isoenzyme of AST.
- Assessing m-AST levels may offer insights into cardiac injury.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantitatively determine serum m-AST activity in AMI patients using a novel immunological technique.
- To evaluate the diagnostic utility of serum m-AST and the m-AST/total AST ratio in AMI.
- To correlate m-AST release with infarct size and disease severity.
Main Methods:
- A sensitive and accessible immunological technique was employed to measure serum m-AST activity.
- Serum m-AST and total AST (t-AST) levels were analyzed in 31 AMI patients.
- Correlation analysis was performed between peak m-AST activity and total creatine kinase (CK) released.
Main Results:
- All 31 AMI patients exhibited elevated serum m-AST levels (>5 KU/ml).
- Peak m-AST activity occurred on day 1 post-infarction, 5 hours after peak t-AST.
- Peak m-AST activity correlated significantly with total CK release (r=0.83), reflecting infarct size.
- The serum m-AST/t-AST ratio increased post-AMI, peaking between days 3-7 (average 25.7%).
- This ratio was higher in AMI patients compared to those with liver disease or non-AMI heart failure.
- Higher ratios were observed in AMI patients with heart failure and/or cardiogenic shock.
Conclusions:
- The novel immunological technique provides sensitive and reliable measurement of serum m-AST.
- Elevated serum m-AST is a consistent finding in acute myocardial infarction.
- The serum m-AST/t-AST ratio serves as a valuable indicator of myocardial cellular damage severity in AMI.
- This ratio can help differentiate AMI from other cardiac and liver conditions and assess complication impact.