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Bone conduction hearing in turtles

M L Lenhardt

    The Journal of Auditory Research
    |July 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Turtles did not respond to airborne sounds but withdrew their heads when sounds were transmitted through their shells. This suggests turtles may use bone conduction (bc) hearing for short-distance detection.

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    Area of Science:

    • * Auditory Neuroscience
    • * Animal Behavior
    • * Bioacoustics

    Background:

    • * Understanding auditory perception in reptiles, particularly turtles, is crucial for ecological and evolutionary studies.
    • * Previous research on turtle hearing has primarily focused on airborne sound perception, with limited investigation into bone conduction (bc).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To investigate the behavioral responses of turtles to auditory stimuli delivered via air conduction (ac) and bone conduction (bc).
    • * To assess the potential role of the turtle's carapace in auditory signal transmission and detection.

    Main Methods:

    • * Auditory stimuli (audiofrequencies) were presented to turtle specimens from three families using both air conduction (ac) and bone conduction (bc).
    • * Sound intensities up to 100 dB SPL were used for aerial signals.
    • * Behavioral responses, specifically head withdrawal, were recorded. Sound energy loss along the carapace was also measured.

    Main Results:

    • * Aerial sound signals up to 100 dB SPL did not elicit consistent behavioral responses in turtles.
    • * Direct delivery of the same sound signals to the carapace resulted in prompt head withdrawal.
    • * Minimal sound energy loss was measured along the shell, indicating its potential role in sound transmission.

    Conclusions:

    • * Turtles exhibit a significant behavioral response to sounds transmitted through their carapace (bone conduction), suggesting a functional role for bc hearing.
    • * While the ear likely mediates the head withdrawal reflex, the contribution of somatic mechanoreceptors cannot be entirely ruled out.
    • * Bone conduction hearing may enable turtles to detect nearby sounds even when their heads are withdrawn into their shells.

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