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Congenital malformation in twins

P M Layde, J D Erickson, A Falek

American Journal of Human Genetics

|January 1, 1980

Summary

Twins exhibit higher rates of congenital malformations and fetal death compared to singletons. This increased risk, particularly for same-sex twins, suggests a link to monozygosity and highlights critical areas for prenatal research.

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Area of Science:

Perinatology
Pediatric Epidemiology
Reproductive Genetics

Background:

Congenital malformations represent a significant global health concern.
Twin gestations are recognized as having distinct risk profiles compared to singleton pregnancies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between twinning and the incidence of congenital defects.
To explore potential contributing factors, such as zygosity, to observed differences in malformation rates.

Main Methods:

Analysis of population-based data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP).
Comparison of malformation rates and fetal death risks between twins and singletons.
Stratification of twin data by sex to infer zygosity-related risks.

Main Results:

Twins demonstrate a higher overall rate of congenital malformations than singletons.
An 18-fold increased risk of fetal death is observed in twins compared to singletons.
Elevated malformation risk in twins is primarily associated with same-sex pairs, suggesting a role for monozygosity.

Conclusions:

Twinning is associated with a significantly increased risk of congenital malformations and fetal demise.
The findings underscore the importance of considering zygosity in understanding the etiology of congenital defects in twins.
Further research into the specific mechanisms linking monozygosity to congenital anomalies is warranted.

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