New ideas for old eyes

The most significant recent advance in ophthalmology has been implantation of an intraocular plastic lens to replace the cataractous lens. The success rate is 75--85 percent. Complications are discussed, and the importance of this operation for the aged is stressed. Vitrectomy is now being used for stopping vitreous hemorrhages and for other therapy not previously attempted. New diagnostic methods involving ultrasound have been of special help when the eye tissue is opaque. Brain tumors compressing the optic nerve have been diagnosed by computerized axial tomography. The laser beam is now being applied for treatment of diabetic retinopathy, for obliteration of retinal holes, and for the creation of holes in the iris in the treatment of narrow-angle glaucoma. Electronic instruments can estimate the refractive error. The new devices for measuring intraocular pressure do not require the use of local anesthetics. Soft contact lenses for continuous wear have been perfected. The binocular operating microscope has been an outstanding innovation in intraocular and corneal surgery. Timolol, a new drug for the treatment of glaucoma, reduces intraocular pressure without contracting the pupil.