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Related Experiment Videos

Multiple sclerosis in twins

A Williams, R Eldridge, H McFarland

    Neurology
    |November 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Multiple sclerosis (MS) concordance was higher in monozygotic twins (6/12) than dizygotic twins (2/12), suggesting a genetic component. Concordant twins showed varied disease severity and onset, with subclinical MS potentially common.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Genetics
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system.
    • Twin studies are crucial for understanding the interplay of genetic and environmental factors in complex diseases like MS.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the concordance rates of multiple sclerosis (MS) in monozygotic and dizygotic twins.
    • To explore potential genetic and immunological factors influencing MS onset and severity within twin pairs.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied 30 twin sets with suspected multiple sclerosis (MS).
    • Clinical diagnosis of MS was established in 24 pairs.
    • Analyzed concordance rates, disease severity, age at onset, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoglobulin levels, and HLA antigen frequencies.

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    Main Results:

    • Concordance for clinical MS was observed in 6 of 12 monozygotic twin pairs versus 2 of 12 dizygotic twin pairs.
    • Concordant monozygotic twins displayed significant variability in disease severity and age of onset.
    • Subclinical MS was suggested by unexplained neurological signs and abnormal CSF immunoglobulin levels in clinically normal twins.

    Conclusions:

    • Findings support a significant genetic predisposition to multiple sclerosis (MS).
    • Disease expression in MS is heterogeneous, even in genetically identical twins.
    • Subclinical disease may be prevalent, indicating a need for further investigation into early diagnostic markers.