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Cisplatin-induced hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia

N W Lyman, C Hemalatha, R L Viscuso

    Archives of Internal Medicine
    |November 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cisplatin chemotherapy can cause kidney problems, leading to low magnesium and calcium levels. Patients treated with cisplatin should be monitored for these electrolyte imbalances.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Oncology
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Cisplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapy drug used for solid tumors.
    • Nephrotoxicity, including acute renal failure and tubular dysfunction, is a known side effect of cisplatin.
    • Electrolyte disturbances, such as hypomagnesemia, can occur secondary to cisplatin treatment.

    Observation:

    • A 58-year-old woman with genital pelvic malignancy presented with chronic symptomatic hypocalcemia.
    • This patient exhibited renal magnesium wasting and hypomagnesemia.
    • Reduced parathyroid hormone levels were noted in conjunction with hypermagnesuria.

    Findings:

    • Cisplatin-induced renal tubular dysfunction can lead to significant magnesium wasting.
    • Hypomagnesemia may manifest as chronic hypocalcemia, even with relatively low parathyroid hormone levels.
    • The case highlights a specific mechanism of cisplatin-related electrolyte imbalance.

    Implications:

    • Clinicians should be vigilant in monitoring magnesium and calcium levels in patients receiving cisplatin.
    • Early detection of hypomagnesemia can prevent or manage hypocalcemia and its symptoms.
    • This case underscores the importance of serial electrolyte monitoring during cisplatin chemotherapy for solid tumors.

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