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Atypical histomoniasis in Bobwhite quail
Avian Diseases
|April 1, 1980
Summary
An atypical outbreak of histomonad infection caused 95% mortality in Bobwhite quail. Researchers identified the protozoal cause and reproduced the disease in quail using isolates from affected birds.
Area of Science:
- Avian Pathology
- Parasitology
- Veterinary Medicine
Background:
- Histomoniasis, commonly known as blackhead disease, primarily affects gallinaceous birds.
- Outbreaks in Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) can lead to significant economic losses in game bird industries.
Observation:
- A flock of 850 Bobwhite quail experienced an atypical outbreak with 95% mortality over three weeks.
- Gross lesions included multifocal liver necrosis and occasional splenic necrosis; intestinal lesions were infrequent.
- Histological examination revealed focal necrosis with protozoal organisms consistent with Histomonas spp. in liver and spleen.
Findings:
- Electron microscopy confirmed the protozoal identification.
- Isolates of Histomonas spp. were successfully cultured in specific-pathogen-free chicken embryos.
- Experimental reproduction of the disease in young Bobwhite quail confirmed the pathogenicity of the isolates.
Implications:
- This study details an atypical presentation of histomonad infection in Bobwhite quail.
- Understanding the specific Histomonas spp. and its pathogenicity is crucial for developing effective control strategies.
- Findings contribute to the knowledge base for managing avian diseases in commercial and wild bird populations.