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Related Experiment Videos

A diurnal type scale. Construction, consistency and validation in shift work

L Torsvall, T Akerstedt

    Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health
    |December 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study developed a reliable seven-item scale to measure diurnal type (morning or evening preference). The scale effectively differentiated sleep/wake behaviors and remained consistent over time, even with work hour changes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Chronobiology
    • Sleep Science
    • Occupational Health

    Background:

    • Understanding individual differences in diurnal preference (morning vs. evening types) is crucial for optimizing work schedules and well-being.
    • Existing measures may lack brevity, reliability, or validation against real-world behaviors like shift work.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a concise scale for assessing diurnal type (morning/evening disposition).
    • To examine the relationship between diurnal type and sleep/wake patterns under different work hours.
    • To assess the consistency of diurnal type over a one-year interval and the impact of changing work schedules.

    Main Methods:

    • A seven-item questionnaire was developed to measure diurnal type.
    • Three hundred shift workers completed the questionnaire twice, one year apart.

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  • Sleep/wake behavior, nap frequency, and sleep complaints were analyzed in relation to diurnal type and work shifts.

    • Main Results:

    • The developed scale demonstrated high internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.75) and test-retest correlation (r = 0.79).
    • Morning active individuals exhibited distinct sleep/wake patterns compared to evening active individuals, varying with shift times.
    • Diurnal type showed high consistency over one year, with a tendency towards a morning disposition after transitioning to day work.

    Conclusions:

    • A short, reliable, and consistent scale for measuring diurnal type was successfully developed.
    • The scale effectively differentiates between morning and evening types concerning sleep/wake habits and shift work adjustments.
    • Findings support the utility of diurnal type assessment in understanding and managing occupational sleep and performance.