[The role of mathematical models in microhemorheology (author's transl)]

The basic fluid-mechanical and structural elements that determine the microhemorheological behavior of blood are presented and discussed. Microhemorheological models are classified into three groups: empirical models, theoretical models, and hybrid models. Major contributions in each area are reviewed and the state-of-the-art in microhemorheological modelling is discussed. Finally, important areas of future research are delineated.