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Chronic exercise and cardiac vascularization

G D Tharp, C T Wagner

    European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Exercise training in rats did not increase cardiac capillary density. Beneficial heart effects from exercise may stem from enlarged coronary arteries or improved collateral circulation, not new capillaries.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Physiology
    • Exercise Science
    • Histology

    Background:

    • Regular exercise is known to benefit heart health.
    • The specific impact of exercise training on cardiac capillary density remains an area of investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate whether exercise training stimulates the multiplication of cardiac capillaries in male albino rats.
    • To determine the effects of varying exercise regimens on capillary density and capillary/muscle fiber ratios in the heart.

    Main Methods:

    • Male albino rats underwent 8 weeks of treadmill training with diverse regimens.
    • Cardiac vascularity was assessed by infusing ink retrogradely into coronary arteries and quantifying capillary density (capillaries/mm²) and capillary/fiber (C/F) ratios.
    • Results were compared between exercise groups and a sedentary control group.

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    Main Results:

    • Six of eight exercise groups exhibited significantly lower capillary densities compared to sedentary controls.
    • Five exercise groups showed significantly lower capillary/muscle fiber ratios than controls.
    • Lower capillary density may be attributed to exercise-induced cardiac muscle fiber hypertrophy.

    Conclusions:

    • Exercise training, under the conditions studied, does not appear to stimulate the multiplication of cardiac capillaries.
    • The positive effects of exercise on the heart are more likely due to coronary artery enlargement or enhanced collateral circulation.