Embryotoxic effects of magnesium deficiency and stress on rats and mice

Pregnant rats an mice received a magnesium (Mg)-deficient diet with different Mg contents from 40 t 360 ppm. The control received 2,000 ppm. At the end of gestation, the Mg concentration in the maternal serum was found to have decreased by up to 0.3 mmole/liter, depending on the Mg content of the food. Mg-dose-dependent embryotoxic effects (resorptions, retardation, disturbed bone development, and skeletal malformations) were observed only below a threshold value of 0.7 mmole/liter of the maternal serum Mg concentration. Noise stress in rats, in addition to a mild Mg deficiency (360 ppm Mg), which by itself had no effects, increased the rate of resorptions only.